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Infectious causes of cancer
Estimates place the worldwide risk of cancers from infectious causes at 16.1%. Viral infections are risk factors for cervical cancer, 80% of liver cancers, and 15–20% of the other cancers. This proportion varies in different regions of the world from a high of 32.7% in Sub-Saharan Africa to 3.3% in Australia and New Zealand.〔 Viruses are the usual infectious agents that cause cancer but Mycobacterium, some other bacteria and parasites also have an effect.
A virus that can cause cancer is called an ''oncovirus''. These include human papillomavirus (cervical carcinoma), Epstein-Barr virus (B-cell lymphoproliferative disease and nasopharyngeal carcinoma), Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (Kaposi's Sarcoma and primary effusion lymphomas), hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses (hepatocellular carcinoma), and Human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (T-cell leukemias). Bacterial infection may also increase the risk of cancer, as seen in ''Helicobacter pylori''-induced gastric carcinoma. Parasitic infections strongly associated with cancer include ''Schistosoma haematobium'' (squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder) and the liver flukes, ''Opisthorchis viverrini'' and ''Clonorchis sinensis'' (cholangiocarcinoma).
== Mycobacterium ==
Tuberculosis is a risk factor for lung cancer.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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